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This book discusses recent advances in theoretical-computational
studies on the biosynthesis of melanin pigment (melanogenesis).
These advances are being driven by the development of
high-performance computers, new experimental findings, and
extensive work on medical applications involving the control of
pigmentation and the treatment of challenging dermatological
diseases. Understanding the elementary processes involved in
chemical reactions at the atomic scale is important in biochemical
reaction design for effective control of the pigmentary system.
Accordingly, the book focuses on the elementary steps involved in
melanogenesis, which crucially affect the composition of the
resulting melanin pigment by means of competitive reactions. The
book also addresses reactions analogous to melanogenesis, with a
focus on o-quinone reactions, which are especially important for
understanding melanogenesis-associated cytotoxicity.
This book is dedicated to recent advancements in theoretical and
computational studies on the interactions of hydrogen and
hydrogenated molecules with metal surfaces. These studies are
driven by the development of high-performance computers, new
experimental findings, and the extensive work of technological
applications towards the realization of a sustainable hydrogen
economy. Understanding of the elementary processes of physical and
chemical reactions on the atomic scale is important in the
discovery of new materials with high chemical reactivity and
catalytic activity, as well as high stability and durability. From
this point of view, the book focuses on the behavior of hydrogen
and hydrogenated molecules on flat, stepped, and reconstructed
metal surfaces. It also tackles the quantum mechanical properties
of hydrogen and related adsorbates; namely, molecular orbital
angular momentum (spin) and diffusion along the minimum potential
energy landscape on metal surfaces. All of these profoundly
influence the outcomes of (1) catalytic reactions that involve
hydrogen; (2) hydrogen storage in metals; and (3) hydrogen
purification membranes. Lastly, it surveys the current status of
the technology, outlook, and challenges for the long-desired
sustainable hydrogen economy in relation to the topics covered in
the book.
This book discusses recent advances in theoretical-computational
studies on the biosynthesis of melanin pigment (melanogenesis).
These advances are being driven by the development of
high-performance computers, new experimental findings, and
extensive work on medical applications involving the control of
pigmentation and the treatment of challenging dermatological
diseases. Understanding the elementary processes involved in
chemical reactions at the atomic scale is important in biochemical
reaction design for effective control of the pigmentary system.
Accordingly, the book focuses on the elementary steps involved in
melanogenesis, which crucially affect the composition of the
resulting melanin pigment by means of competitive reactions. The
book also addresses reactions analogous to melanogenesis, with a
focus on o-quinone reactions, which are especially important for
understanding melanogenesis-associated cytotoxicity.
This book is dedicated to recent advancements in theoretical and
computational studies on the interactions of hydrogen and
hydrogenated molecules with metal surfaces. These studies are
driven by the development of high-performance computers, new
experimental findings, and the extensive work of technological
applications towards the realization of a sustainable hydrogen
economy. Understanding of the elementary processes of physical and
chemical reactions on the atomic scale is important in the
discovery of new materials with high chemical reactivity and
catalytic activity, as well as high stability and durability. From
this point of view, the book focuses on the behavior of hydrogen
and hydrogenated molecules on flat, stepped, and reconstructed
metal surfaces. It also tackles the quantum mechanical properties
of hydrogen and related adsorbates; namely, molecular orbital
angular momentum (spin) and diffusion along the minimum potential
energy landscape on metal surfaces. All of these profoundly
influence the outcomes of (1) catalytic reactions that involve
hydrogen; (2) hydrogen storage in metals; and (3) hydrogen
purification membranes. Lastly, it surveys the current status of
the technology, outlook, and challenges for the long-desired
sustainable hydrogen economy in relation to the topics covered in
the book.
Elementary Processes in Excitations and Reactions on Solid Surfaces
explores the fundamental nature of dynamics on solid surfaces.
Attempts are made to reveal various aspects of elementary processes
in excitations and reactions on solid surfaces by recent
theoretical and experimental developments of the subjects such as
molecular beams interacting with surfaces, ion beam scattering,
laser-induced dynamical processes, electronically induced dynamical
processes, and optical properties of solid surfaces. This volume is
devided into three parts. Part I is concerned mainly with the rich
reaction dynamics on potential-energy surfaces. Part II is devoted
to the interplay of excitations. In Part III, new and rapidly
developing methods are introduced.
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